When money-market funds emerged in the 1970s as a higher-yield alternative to conventional savings accounts, Americans raced to their local banks in droves to pull their cash. Community and regional lenders that had long used those customer deposits to finance loans found their cheapest source of funding dried up almost overnight. Thousands of small banks—and the borrowers dependent on those local loans—were forced to rethink their business plans. Even today, banks are trillions of dollars leaner than they’d have been otherwise.
A half-century later, local and regional bankers are about to square off with another competitor eyeing those same critical ...